Permalloy, also known as iron-nickel alloy, is a special alloy primarily composed of iron and nickel and is classified as a high-quality soft magnetic material.
Definition of Permalloy
Permalloy refers to alloys with nickel content ranging from 30% to 90%. It is a widely used soft magnetic alloy. Using appropriate processes, magnetic properties can be effectively controlled, such as initial permeabilities exceeding 100,000, maximum permeabilities exceeding 1,000,000, coercivities as low as 0.2 Oersted, and rectangular ratios approaching 1 or close to zero.
Properties of Permalloy
| Low Coercivity: Coercivity refers to the minimum magnetic field strength required to demagnetize a magnetic material after it has reached magnetic saturation. Materials with low coercivity are easily magnetized and demagnetized, responding sensitively to external magnetic fields.
| Near Zero Magnetostriction: Magnetostriction is the phenomenon of a material changing its dimensions or shape during magnetization. Some materials slightly expand or contract during magnetization, known as the magnetostrictive effect. Near-zero magnetostriction means that the material undergoes almost no shape or size change during magnetization.
| High Permeability & Low Loss: It has a high permeability (relative permeability typically around 100,000) and low hysteresis loss, which effectively guides and enhances magnetic fields while minimizing losses during cyclic magnetization.
| Significant Anisotropic Magnetoresistance: Anisotropic magnetoresistance refers to the property of materials where the resistivity changes with the direction of the magnetic field. This property is very useful in reading magnetic storage data and in magnetic sensors, as they can detect changes in the direction and strength of the magnetic field.
Kinds of Permalloy
Commonly used permalloys include 1J50, 1J79, and 1J85.
1J50 has a saturation magnetic induction slightly lower than that of silicon steel, but its permeability is dozens of times higher, and its iron loss is 2-3 times lower. It is suitable for making small high-frequency transformers (400- 8000Hz) with low no-load current for applications below 100 watts.
1J79 has good overall performance, suitable for high-frequency low-voltage transformers, leakage protection switch cores, common mode inductor cores, and current transformer cores.
1J85’s initial permeability can exceed 100,000, making it suitable for low-frequency or high-frequency input/output transformers for weak signals, common mode inductors, and high-precision current transformers.
Permalloy and Neodymium Magnets
Permalloy and neodymium magnets are two magnetic materials with different characteristics. The combination of Permalloy and neodymium magnets can maximize the advantages and is suitable for applications that require high performance and precise control.
| Motors: Neodymium magnets, due to their strong magnetic properties, are very suitable for use in motors, while Permalloy can serve as the magnetic core of the motor to optimize the concentration of the magnetic field.
| Transformers: Permalloy, due to its high permeability, is suitable for use in transformers and can help concentrate and transmit the magnetic field more effectively in low-frequency environments.
Applications of Permalloy
| Electronics: In the electronics field, permalloy is widely used to manufacture various electromagnetic devices such as transformers and inductors. Soft magnetic parts produced using MIM technology offer advantages such as high dimensional accuracy and stable performance, meeting the diverse needs of electronic products.
| Energy: In the energy sector, permalloy is used to manufacture various efficient energy-saving products, such as generators and motors in new energy devices like wind and solar power. Soft magnetic parts produced using MIM technology are lightweight and compact, improving energy utilization efficiency.
| Automotive: In the automotive sector, permalloy is applied to manufacture various automotive electronic devices, such as engine control systems and braking systems. Soft magnetic parts produced using MIM technology are efficient, reliable, and durable, enhancing the safety and reliability of vehicles.
Magnet Manufacturer
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Image Source: Daido & Htspecialmetals & Wikipedia & Xagyalloy
